The Victorian Butler :: Victorian Time Period

The Victorian ButlerColonel Mustard Are you the host?Wadsworth Me, sir? No, Im just the humble butler.Colonel Mustard And what exactly is it you do here?Wadsworth I buttle, sir.In Victorian times having a house full of servants at the owners command was quite common for upper and middle class families. Some handicraft titles included footman, cooks, maids, butlers, coachman, and cooks. Among these servants, the highest ranked and paid was the butler. While we all may have a stereotype of a tall, skinny man that opens the door and says, You rang? the actual diagnose of duties and responsibilities of a butler express he is a man of high demand.The Butler of a home was expected to be present during breakfast, lunch, and dinner. He was to do the meals and drinks to each member of the family and to wait on them for any requests. He also had the responsibility to oversee the kitchen and make sure it was in order. This included choosing fine wine, managing the wine cellar and the inven tory of liquors. The Butler worked closely with the cook and not only assisted with preparing a menu for everyday meals but also for upcoming events and parties the superior may present. He was expected to set the table and the decorations for all parties. During these events the butler was always present awaiting any requests from the guests and served them drinks and their meals. The Butler also was responsible for other servants in the home and acted as a manager for the property.The average pay for a Victorian butler was between 40 to 100 pounds per year, which converts to about 2600 to 6500 today. Charles Dickens, Jr. gave this advice in 1879 Give good wages, and let it be clearly understood before hiring that no perquisites are allowed. A serious mistake, and one too often made, is to countersink down the hard-and-fast rule no followers allowed. Servants always have had and always will have followers, whether their masters and mistresses like it or not (n.pag.). In amour pr opre Fair, we read that Miss Horrocks also serves in the house because she is the daughter of the butler.Miss Horrocks acted as a maid in the Crawleys home. Housemaids during the Victorian times were responsible for charge the home clean and tidy. They did the cleaning, scrubbing and dusting (Roberts 206). The number of housemaids was determined by the size of the home.

Free Essay: Needs vs. Desires in Shakespeares King Lear :: King Lear essays

Needs vs. Desires in King Lear In Act 2, Scene 4 of King Lear, written by William Shakespeare, Lear argues that for a person to be content with only what one necessitates, is the same as reducing a human to the take of a beast or animal. I am in opposition to Lears idea via the issue of needs versus desires. Through drive inledge based on experience, observation, and edition I can elaborate on my reasons for choosing to challenge his opinion. From my own experience I know that a need is a lacking or sine qua non for a substance, to live an adequate amount. So a desire is to wish or long for more of something or in Lears world, to be on the limit of mania. A good way to compare needs versus desires is food. Food is a necessity to live. When you eat the right amounts of what you ought to, you are sufficiently nourished and therefore healthy. Yet, if you ever so go to an All-You-Can-Eat-Buffet and try to get your monies worth by gorging yourself, that is a desir e. This is for the reason that you are overeating, and the majority of the food is more harm than good. At an All-You-Can-Eat-Buffet you persuade yourself to perpetually eat one more plate full. It seems to be worth it, so you eat till you reach the point of marginal utility for the money you present spent. By doing this you are satisfying the desire temporally but your stomach is miserable, which is a base lifestyle to have. I believe you should eat to live and non live to eat, nor should your flesh rule over you. The way this relates to Lear is that he could not depart without all of his men even though he did not need them anymore. He wanted to keep some since of wealth and authority. Lear also desired to be flattered which lead to his own demise. By observing people I know that if you own less you are more appreciative of things in life. Yet if you own more you desire more. Therefore you become a slave to your passions and lust, rather than an owner of your pos sessions.

Africa Essay -- essays research papers

Europe tried to take many countries, Africa being one of them. The European countries had an imprint on Africa today throughout all the primes. Europe had an effect on the African way of animation, that in some slipway were good, and in some ways bad.Imperialism is defined as the extension or rule or influence by one government, nation, or society over the political, economic, or cultural life of another. European nations decided they wanted land in the mostly unexplored continent, and they took it, without the consent of the African people. Europe brought Christian ideas into Africa. Religion was changed from what it would have been to Christianity today. If you look at most of the countries in Africa such as Angola, Congo, Ghana or Zimbabwe the main religion practiced is Christianity. You can see that Protestant and Catholic groups are slightly equally represented throughout the continent basically leading back to the Christian religion. Before the Europeans came to Africa the ir main religion was Islam. Europeans brought missionaries into Africa and started changing their religion or treatment about Christianity. When they bought a slave they would teach that slave to practice the Christian religion as well. Twenty-five percent of Africa is Christian. Christian churches are growing quickly in the nations south of the Sahara and especially in southern Africa. It just proves that Imperialism in Africa changed the religion and peoples beliefs today. European missionaries introduced Ch...

recruits :: essays research papers

The ground forces announced yesterday that it missed its recruiting goal for the fourth consecutive month, a deepening manpower crisis that officials said would require a dramatic spend push for recruits if the service is to avoid missing its annual enlistment target for the first time since 1999.The Army will make a "monumental effort" to bring in the average 10,000 recruits a month required this summer, said Maj. Gen. Michael D. Rochelle, head of the Armys recruiting command. An additional 500 active-duty recruiters will be added in the next two months -- on top of an increase of 1,000 earlier this course of instruction.The Pentagon is also considering asking Congress to double the enlistment bonus it can offer to the most-prized recruits -- from $20,000 to $40,000 -- and to advert the age limit for Army active-duty service from 35 to 40, he said."The challenge is one of historic proportions," Rochelle said, acknowledging that he is not sure whether the traditi onal summer surge in Army recruits will take place, or how large it might be.Violent, long deployments to Iraq and a sound job market at home agree combined to reduce what the Army calls the "propensity to enlist" -- the percentage of young Americans willing to consider Army service -- which dropped from 11 percent last year to about 7 percent this year."What I dont know, in all candor, is how the reduced propensity will dampen" the recruiting prospects of summer, Rochelle said in an interview. "I wish the summer period were about twice as long."The Armys recruiting difficulties are only expected to grow. "Next year promises quite frankly, given the size of our entry pool, to be an level off tougher fight," he said. "God forbid a downward trend" in the willingness to serve, he added.The Army missed its May active-duty recruiting goal of 6,700 by 1,661 recruits, pushing the shortfall for fiscal 2005 to 8,321 -- or more than a months worth of recruits. The shortfall would have been 37 percent if the Army had not lowered its May goal. Overall, the Army has send 40,964 enlistees to boot camp, and has four months to nearly double that figure to reach the 80,000 goal for this fiscal year.Army, Navy and Marine Corps reserve forces also missed their goals for May. Army National Guard enlistments for the month fell short by 29 percent, Army Reserves by 18 percent, Marine Corps Reserves by 12 percent and Navy Reserves by 4 percent, according to figures released yesterday by the Pentagon.

Shakespeares The Comedy Of Errors :: essays research papers

Shakespeares The Comedy of Errors     The Comedy of Errors was Shakespeares first comedy. It is a light yetdramatic bump ab forth a family of twins, their parents, and their twin servants,who have been separated for over twenty years due to a tragic accident at sea.The story, following the regular format of Shakespeares work occurs and isconcluded all in one day. The twins run into each other the whole day throughand are mistake for each other more than once. This confusion makes thetragedy all the more hilarious. The action is ended in a dramatic and whirlwindending. All matters are clear(p) up, although the sanity still remains on thebrink of collapse. However, the tone of the number is overall cheerful and upbeatand the ending maintains the mood.     I particularly enjoyed the confusion that indistinguishable twins caused even totheir close family members. The fact that Shakespeare was able to make thedialogue fit in with the scenario s made the action even more comic. The idea ofthe plot, although non completely original is still unique and is still used inmodern work, such as the TV sitcoms like "Sister, Sister." Something thatsurprised me in the free rein was Adrianas character. She was insecure andportrayed the typical damsel in distress. She was completely dependent on herhusband and this fact alone made the play somewhat out of date. Shakespeare issaid to be "not of an age, but for all times," but Adrianas character, in myopinion, would not fit in to the modern world. I feel the most measurable partof the play is the message it conveys and should be used as a moral today. Thewhole play is based on family members who are trying to reunite. The play saysthat even though there are troubling issues in our lives, we must remember our

Shakespeares The Comedy Of Errors :: essays research papers

Shakespe bes The Comedy of Errors     The Comedy of Errors was Shakespeares first comedy. It is a light yetdramatic play about a family of twins, their parents, and their twin servants,who give way been separated for over twenty years due to a tragic accident at sea.The story, following the usual format of Shakespeares work occurs and isconcluded totally in one day. The twins run into each other the whole day throughand are mistaken for each other more than once. This sloppiness makes thetragedy all the more hilarious. The action is ended in a dramatic and whirlwindending. All matters are cleared up, although the sanity still remains on thebrink of collapse. However, the tone of the play is overall cheerful and upbeatand the ending maintains the mood.     I particularly enjoyed the confusion that identical twins caused even totheir close family members. The circumstance that Shakespeare was able to make thedialogue fit in with the scenarios made the action even more comic. The idea ofthe plot, although not completely original is still ludicrous and is still used inmodern work, such as the TV sitcoms like "Sister, Sister." Something thatsurprised me in the play was Adrianas character. She was insecure andportrayed the typical damsel in distress. She was completely dependent on herhusband and this fact alone made the play somewhat out of date. Shakespeare issaid to be "not of an age, unless for all times," but Adrianas character, in myopinion, would not fit in to the modern world. I feel the most important partof the play is the message it conveys and should be used as a moral today. Thewhole play is based on family members who are trying to reunite. The play saysthat even though there are troubling issues in our lives, we must remember our

Semantics: The Power of Language

Language is a phenomenon which allows human beings to interact in a important way with one a nonher. Language began as a rudimentary system of hieroglyphics and has evolved into a highly complex system of the rungn and pen battle cry. As oral communication in both spoken and written form has developed, so has mans understanding of it. This understanding of both dustup and clock times has evolved along with the terminology itself and with the state who use it to create meaning.Word defining has occurred throughout time through several processes. Words were developed initially through other languages, through etymology and then progressed into the formation of new quarrel altogether, which open fire occur through a variety of means. Next, discussions are arranged into excoriates which carry both literal and implied meanings which tooshie be based upon sounds and even the previous knowledge of those conversing. In m any ways, countersign economy has resulted by adoptin g new lecture from breathing forges or from portions of existing speech communication in an effort to simplify language.The process of economized linguistic communication, which are words formed from existing words which then become commonly understood words in the language, is a major way in which the words of the language are formed. Coinage is a process of inventing completely new words from a source which seems to embody its meaning. One way in which this occurs is to create the word kleenex from the brand name name of Kleenex (instead of tissue) and xerox as a verb after the Xerox brand of copy machines. Furtherto a greater extent, eponyms croup be created from individuals names such as to hoover from Hoover who invented the vacuum cleaner and the concept of the sandwich from the Earl of Sandwich (Yule, 2006).Another process of economizing words is called blending. Blending occurs when the beginning of one word is combined with the ending of another word. This new word t hen enters the language as an original word. For exemplar, a unify word for the product of gasoline made with alcohol is gasohol. The meal which is a combination of breakfast and lunch has become represented with the word brunch. Of course, this process can occur with the beginnings of cardinal words as well. The word modem is a blend of modulator and demodulator, and the new concept of Spanglish is the blending of side of meat and Spanish (Yule, 2006), made even more popular by a recent motion picture of the same name.By blending words together, the meaning from the original words is already intact. Thus, the meaning of the resulting word does not have to be suddenly relearned. The meaning already exists because the words already exist. In this way, the economy of the English language is maintained without the need for discipline new definitions and uses.A third process of word economy is referred to as clipping. With this process, a longer word is reduce to a shortened form of itself. This shortened from, worry blending, carries the same meaning as its original. The only difference is the shortened form of the word. For example, the word facsimile, with its proliferation of use, has become shortened in modern language to the word fax. Likewise, the word condo represents its initial longer form of condominium.Words that are reduced to a single syllable and then joined with an ie or y are a type of this process known as hypocorism. Words like movie for moving picture, bookie for bookmaker and hankie for handkerchief are examples of this type of word economy (Yule, 2006). This type of word economy is popular in England, where the word television has even been shortened to the popular, telly.As the process of word economy develops, rough words are backformed. Backforming is a type of word economy because it uses the same root of a word to convert it into a unlike part of speech. One primary word root becomes the basis for two or even three words. This process takes a form of a word and reduces it to another form.For example a noun can be reduced to a verb. From the word television, a noun, comes the verb televise. The verb babysit was derived from babysitter. Basically, in English, words that end in er comprise the noun forms while the same word minus the er make up the verbs. An example is worker to work or player to play (Yule, 2006). This particular backformation becomes a pattern in language, thereof repeating itself over and over with new words without any additional unit of measurements of meaning.This change itself is known as the process of conversion. This process changing verb phrases into nouns and vice versa. For example, if a secretary is ordered to print out a form, the resultant form is known as a printout. If a company wants to take over another, they part a takeover.This can happen in the other direction as well a dirty room can be converted into the verb to dirty, as in the boy dirtied the room. It can even o ccur from adjectives as well. A person who is in a ballpark often, such as a player, may become a ballpark figure. Thus a noun becomes an adjective (Yule, 2006). Again, it is easier to learn, understand and use a language if the meanings can be used in quadruplex situations.Anther popular method of creating words is through the use of acronyms. These are word forms that result from the initial letters of a set of words. A CD is the acronym for a compact disk. A PIN is a personal identification number. These words are constantly added as the result of different jargon such as that of business, international relations and education (Yule, 2006). For example, NASA, INTEL, and RAM are specific to particular industries and would not exist if it were not for those industries.Finally, some words are created by feature two or more of the above techniques. For example, English borrowed the word delicatessen from the German language and then clipped it to the Americanized deli. The words snow and ball were intensify into the noun snowball and then converted to the verb to snowball. Adding the suffix ish to the acronym formed from White Anglo Saxon Protestant results as WASPish (Yule, 2006). All of these words now become an entire part of the language which people widely understand and use as part of their daily language.Beyond the mere creation, usage and understanding of words is the combination of words into sentences. Many argue that words themselves would not be meaningful without the construct of a sentence to give it basic background. Individuals generally communicate through sentences which are basically formed with a subject, verb, and a complete thought, as students are taught throughout school. Thus, forming words into syntactical patterns and creating a context in which they are used is vital to understanding both written and spoken communication today.However, many linguists also argue that conversation can be understood in its reduced form based upon certain inherent techniques. This enables individuals to understand conversation that is not composed of perfectly constructed sentences. In this way, a person can understand a word as a sentence because they already understand the context of the meaning in which the word was spoken (Palmer, 1981). Thus, sentences, too can be economized except as words can.Fragments of sentences that are closely linked in meaning can be combined in such a way that some parts of the sentence is omitted. This is known as an elliptical formation. One way that this happens is through analyzing both the surface coordinate and the deep structure of meaning. The surface structure is a literal meaning of the sentence, while the deep structure is the figurative, implied, abstract meaning of the communication itself which may account on former knowledge by the partners (Palmer, 1981). Both structures are necessary to understand communication, but the deep structure may help the individual differentiate bet ween various meanings in context.The two types of language features that are inherent in this process are prosodic and paralinguistic features. Prosodic features deal with actual sounds of the language such as tone, stress, volume, rhythm etc. Paralinguistic features include the visuals of language, such as the speakers facial expressions, gestures, etc (Palmer, 1981). Thus, both the way the communication sounds and the visual cues of the speaker can contribute to a riddled understanding.Tone and stress is used by speakers to indicate which part of the sentence is to be given the most emphasis. This emphasis indicates the most important instruction of the system. Speech acts can serve a variety of functions even while the same sentence is being uttered. These purposes can be warnings, threats, promises, pleas, etc. and can change the meaning of any sentence. Sentences can be insinuations which carry some inherent truthfulness in them. The sentence/question Do you still beat your wife? insinuates that the subject has at one time been a wife-beater, which suggests an accusation which the speaker intends for the listeners to realize (Palmer, 1981).Other meanings are based on the relationships between the individuals. Some conversation is meaningless and carries no specific information. Other sentence meanings can be derived simply from its grammatical structure. Finally, sentence meaning can be based on how the sentence is said. Ultimately, the sentence that is truth-conditional is not pertain with grammar but with the meaning of the proposition of the sentence. Is it based in truth or not? For example, if someone is cited directly, that is considered more truthful than if he is cited indirectly, even though both may not be formally proven within the context of the particular sentence (Palmer, 1981). Ultimately, the ambiguities of language and the situations in which it exists, create the problems of interpretation which depend upon so much more than the mere words.The spoken language is uttermost more complex than the written language. Palmer (1981) gives four ways in which this is true. First, human beings spoke long before they wrote. Second, a child learns spoken language far earlier than he learns how to write. Third, human beings speak for more during their daily lives than they write. Finally, writing can be converted to speech without much loss however, this process cannot happen the other way around (Palmer, 1981).The tone and stress of words was mentioned earlier as a way to decipher emphasis in spoken communication. Combined with pitch, or the rise and make pass of words, people can gain even more meaning from the exchange. If a particular word of syllable is accented, the listened gains a particular set of meanings which may be different if another word or syllable is accented. This information unit (this tone group of pitch, accent, etc) counts more to the listener in terms of understanding the meaning than does the simpl e grammatical components of the sentence (Palmer, 1981).Rises in pitch are concerned with certain types of meanings, like indecision or questions, while falls in pitch are more concerned with statements. Likewise, certain emotions can be evince through intonation as well. These meanings may vary from language to language (Palmer, 1981).The topic and comment of an utterance represents these differences. The topic is basically the main informational unit of the sentence while the comment is the opinion or emotion attached to it. These two units may, generally, be distinguishable from one another (Palmer, 1981).Word order is one way in which these distinctions are made. The word at the beginning of the sentence generally indicates the topic of the sentence. Manipulation of word order can indicate the topic and its emphasis (comment). The example give in Palmer (1981) is The man over there I do not like very much. Similarly, new information in a sentence is usually given more toward th e end of the sentence and is accompanied by a rise in pitch (Palmer, 1981).Thus the ordering of the words and the rise and fall of their pitch can give indication to the meaning.Other utterances are less a function of giving new information and more a function of appointee an action. These actions can be explicit, which literally name the act, and implicit, which do not. Certain presuppositions are contained within implicit actions. These actions may not be obviously named, but they are known because the listener is familiar with the context of the utterance. This presupposition can be contained in other remarks as well, such as John drank another beer, which implies he has had at least one drink. The author asserts that it is difficult to make a distinction between what is explicitly stated and what is presupposed (Palmer, 1981).Finally, implications may be even more far removed from the explicit meaning of the words. For example, if a person makes a statement Its hot in here, he may be actually implying that he would like someone to turn on the air conditioner. The conversation is reduced in that the individual does not have to fill in the intermediate information for the listener (Palmer, 1981). A question of Did you take out the garbage? may be followed by It isnt Thursday would have no meaning to anyone who didnt know that the garbage man comes on Thursday. However, a married couple would have the perfect understanding of this exchange because of their shared context.Spoken English and written English are composed of words, which have been produced from a variety of sources and through a variety of processes. In addition, these words are arranged in such a way as to give them the power of meaning in context. While written conversation is more in tune with grammatical constructions, spoken language also carries the nuances of tone, stress, pitch, volume and even implicit meanings. Thus, meaning can be derived from words, sentences, sound and visual cues a nd even an implicit understanding of context.Word economy has created more words from current words while preserving the meanings. This reduces the need for new words to be invented and aids in the process of understanding. In addition, the same concept can be applied to sentences. The original grammatical meaning of the sentence can be expressed by sound and visual cues from the speaker in many different ways. As a result, the meanings may be multiple while the actual words that make up the sentence remain the same. Clearly, the evolution of both written and spoken language is a dynamic force that will continue for all time.ReferencesPalmer, Frank R. Semantics. 2nd ed. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1981.Yule, George. The Study of Language. 3rd ed. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 2006.

Sales Report Example

Table of Contents Executive Summary3 Part 1 GSM Personnel Specification4 1. Experience4 2. Qualifications4 3. unavoidable expertnesss5 Part 2 reveal issues and Recommendations6 1. existence6 2. underlying issues6 2. 1 Motivation and theorise satisfaction6 2. 2 Recruitment and selection7 2. 3 Training and development7 2. 4 Key account counselling8 2. 5 gross gross gross revenue team social organisation8 3. Conclusion9 4. Recommendations10 4. 1 Change the reciprocate system10 4. 2 Set up the formal enlisting and selection process11 4. 3 Set up a standardized training11 4. 4 Restructure the gross revenue team with the invigorated role of KAM13 . 5 Action Plan15 4. 6 judge Outcomes16 5. Limitations17 6. Bibliography18 7. Appendices19 7. 1 The recruitment process19 7. 2 gross revenue passel calculation19 Executive Summary The report is divided in two parts. The prototypical part Personnel Specification is aimed to identify the required main skills beas of the refreshful GSM. Those be * Five to eight geezerhood gross revenue experience and management * University degree of business or marketing management * Excellent and proven communion skills and inter psycheal skills * Ability to reate a work environment and shade to stimulate unmarrieds development and penury * Ability to negotiate and high levels in numeracy and literacy skills * Personal traits high motivation, ambition in gross revenue, enthusiasm, full commitment, and superpower to work under high pressure. The second part, which is the most grand part of this report, consists two main sections key issues and recommendations. The key issues leave been identified through analyzing our current partnerships situations and related theories.Those key issues be * Low motivation and decreasing job satisfaction * The lack of formal recruitment and selection process * The lack of quantity and quality in training and development * The missing role of Key Account Management in the gross rev enue doing * The unconnected sales team structure. Based on the analysis of key issues, the fully detailed recommendations argon provided in the end of this report, following with an Action Plan and expected outcomes. Part 1 GSM Personnel SpecificationAccuClean is in crucial gather up of a untested familiar Sales Manager, who will be in charge of the sales team in all regions and report directly to the Managing Director, Peter Ward. Our company is facing several(prenominal)(prenominal) leadership problems and lack of focus in sales team. The new GSM is expected to bring the new fresh leadership expression and able to manage the sales team in all regions to accomplish the highest performance and long-term development. The personnel specification of GSM will be illustrated in details. Experience The new GSM is expected to have at least 7 to 8 years sales experience, preferably in B2B market (CPSA, 2012 Myjobs, 2012 Reed, 2012).The experience in B2B sales market is very importan t for our company since our customers are ranging from small to large sized companies, and many of them are with us more than ten years. He/she has a minimum of 5 years experience in business management, marketing and sales strategies and planning, and financial oversight (Inc, 2012 Myjobs, 2012). With these experiences, the new GSM is able to diagnose the management problems within our sales operation, and bring in his/ her new approach in leadership style, in army to improve sales teams performance as well as maturation the motivation and satisfaction of sales pile.However, we should be very flexible in selecting flush toiletdidates based on experience. If a candidate had excellent qualifications regarding his/ her education and 2-3 years experienced, we should not exclude him/ her from our shortlist. The requirement of sales experience is likely to cause a problem of excluding potential candidates (middleman and Lancaster, 2006). Qualifications The candidate needs to have Bac helor degree of trade or Marketing Management (CPSA, 2012). The university degree is necessary since the advantageously educational background will help the new GSM a lot in management.Besides, the conspiracy of education and experience for the GSM position is ideal for long-term development of our sales force. Required skills The new GSM is required to have excellent and proven oral chat skills (Inc, 2012). In addition, the candidate needs to prove his/ her skills in exceptional customer facing and interpersonal skills to enable difficult situations to be overcome successfully (JCT600, 2012). conference skills are the most crucial qualities of sales multitude, especially sales manager (Jobber and Lancaster, 2006).Furthermore, the new GSM should be able to create a workplace environment and culture that allows all the sales commonwealth in the team to develop and excel their jobs (JCT600, 2012). This requirement is essential since the current leadership style in our sales ope ration does not seem to work very well and need a crucial change and improvement. The potential candidate is able to negotiate effectively and at the highest level together with excellent numeracy skills and literacy skills (JCT 600, 2012). For both short-term and long-term development of our sales force, these skills are necessary.Besides, the most two important basic qualities that a good sales person must have are empathy and ego tantalise (based on the study of Mayer and Greenberg, 1964, cited in Donaldson, 2007). Empathy is defined as the important central ability to feel as the other fellow does in baseball club to be able to sell a product or utility (Donaldson, 2007, p. 60). Ego drive is a desire to want and need to make a sale (Donaldson, 2007). Both of these basic qualities are a must for our potential GSM since in order to be a good sales manager, he/ she should be a good sales person.Last but not least, we are looking for a new GSM with high motivation, ambition in sa les, enthusiasm, full commitment, and ability to work under high pressure (Mathews and Redman, 2001, cited in Jobber and Lancaster, 2006). Part 2 Key issues and Recommendations 1. Introduction Part 2 is aimed to illustrate the key issues regarding our sales operation in AccuClean. The analysis based on our current situation and theory is presented for every issue. Recommendations are coming in the end of this report, followed by the Action Plan and expected outcomes.All the key issues and recommendations are ordered according to its priority of taking urgent actions. Key issues 1. 1 2. 1 Motivation and job satisfaction Motivation is the amount of effort that a salesperson expends on to each one activity or undertaking associated with the job (Donaldson, 2007, p. 230). Many factors are believed to cause positive motivation, such as monetary reward, workload, promotion, degree of recognition, supervisory behaviour, targets, and tasks (based on Adamss iniquity theory, Jobber and Lan caster, 2006).In AccuClean, the first factor that causes the low motivation in the sales team is fillip system, which is perceived by many staffs as unfair. The bonus system in AccuClean is square off based on achieving a sales figure above the somebody sales target, starting from 5% above target sales with a bonus of 5% basic honorarium. Last year, only nine sales populate out of 71 have been able to achieve the bonus, which gives the evidence round the inappropriate bonus system. In addition, the salary is based on individual negotiations when they joined the company, which might lead to unfairness between individual sales people in the team.According to Vrooms expectancy theory, it is assumed that peoples motivation to exert effort is babelike upon their expectations for success (Jobber and Lancaster, 2006). It means to what extent AccuClean sales people believe by working harder (increase effort), they will achieve 5% above target sales (high expectancy), and that higher s ales will lead to higher salary bonus of 5% of basic salary (high instrumentality), and higher salary is very important for them (high valence).Moreover, during the merger, there were several sales staffs left to join competitors, which may pull up stakes from the lack of motivations. According to Herzbergs motivation- hygiene theory, working conditions and company policies are two of the hygiene factors, which cause dissatisfaction, thus, lead to low motivation (Donaldson, 2007). Bonus as money is the only type of rewards that is use in AccuClean, nevertheless, there are many more types of rewards that could also be applied, in order to motivate dissimilar types of sales people.The suggested bonus system will be illustrated in the recommendation part in the end of this report. 2. 2 Recruitment and selection Bob Carter is in charge of the selection process for new sales people. However, he has no formal system for recruitment and selection as well as no job definition. Formal s election process is crucially important to construe the quality of sales persons, which can have a substantial effect on sales turnover (Jobber and Lancaster, 2006). Furthermore, hiring a sales person is very costly, much more than the basic salary.Therefore, selecting the right person for the right position is essential, and can be achieved through setting up a formal selection procedure. Another problem is Carters way of selection he knows a good sales person as soon as he sees one. This bias can harm the screening process, which is part of the recruitment process (see Appendix 5. 1). either selecting the wrong person or dropping good persons is costly (Donaldson, 2007). Donaldson defines job description as the roles and duties attached to a specific position in the arranging (2007).It is necessary for AccuClean to prepare job descriptions for any new positions in the sales team, to ensure the debt instrument of each team members, thus, no role ambiguity can occur. 2. 3 Train ing and development Training is one way for sales managers to improve the performance of the sales people under their controls, broadly to meet the company objectives (Donaldson, 2007). Training and development for sales people in AccuClean are lacked due to several reasons. Any trainings or development relies on the management style and differs in every ASM.There is no formal training process since Carter believes that sales people learn best on the job. Indeed, there are many kinds of training, which includes individual on-the-job training as Carters opinion (Donaldson, 2007). However, good trainings can also be achieved through company-specific programs that are organized in a standardized and professional manner. The irregular and occasional training sessions, usually occur when introducing new products (currently in AccuClean), might lead to the lack of knowledge about products and new skill practices.As the merger of one cleaning chemicals and the other in cleaning machinery, training should have been taken at the early stage of the merger, in order to choke sales people in both companies about the company objectives and targets, the knowledge of different and new products, competitors and their products, selling procedure and techniques (Jobber and Lancaster, 2006). 2. 4 Key account management Area sales teams are responsible for all accounts regardless their size and importance.The treatment for key accounts, medium-size accounts or small accounts is much open on each ASMs view, its current mix of accounts in the area and experience. There are in fact 21 customers each has accounts worth over ? 4 million. Those customers are important to our business and need to be prioritized as key accounts since the loss of even one of them would significantly cause a radical drop in sales and profits (Jobber and Lancaster, 2006). Key account management seems currently necessary, in order to serve our key customers with special treatment in all areas of marketing, administration, and service (Jobber and Lancaster, 2006).In addition, key account management will help to develop a close relationship between our company as supplier and our customers, in order to enhance the communication and co-ordination between us, thus, create more in-depth penetration of DMU, which includes push and pull opportunities for buying decisions (Jobber and Lancaster, 2006). 2. 5 Sales team structure The sales territories of AccuClean, which are merely geographic based, have not been changed since the merger. Geographic structure is traditional and the most widely used type of sales shaping in the UK.It has several advantages such as simplicity, shorter journey times, low travel costs, and less potential for conflicts over responsibility (Donaldson, 2007). However, geographic structure has some drawbacks, which might influence to the strength of the sales team and its management. Examples of disadvantages are the need to sell full range, broad expertise needed, a nd overhead costs for more layers of management evolved (Donaldson, 2007). In order for the sales team to work more productively and better management, it is necessary to make some changes concerning our sales team structure (see Recommendations, section 4).The number of sales people in AccuClean is currently more than necessary, compared to the number of customers. Figure 1 illustrates the current sales people in each ASM as well as the essential needed sales people based on the number of customers in each area. Territory Number of customers Current number of sales people veritable number of sales people Spare sales people Midlands 1973 26 18 8 southwestern 1545 22 14 8 North 1196 16 11 5 Scotland/ North Ireland 499 7 5 2 UK total 5264 71 47* 24*Figure 1 Number of Sales people (* approximate number) 1 2 Conclusion Five key issues that have been listed and analyzed above are low motivation and decreasing job satisfaction, promiscuous recruitment and selection process, unstandard ized and the lack of regular training, the lack of key account management, and the ineffective sales team structure. Those issues are the most urgent in AccuClean that need to be solved as soon as possible, in order to improve the sales team to work more effectively. Recommendations 4. 1 Change the reward systemBonus (monetary reward), which is the only form of reward using in AccuClean, shows its limitation, therefore, better the bonus system is crucial. The starting point of 5% should be set lower and dependent on different products and accounts. There should also be other chances to get commission, which can be based on the annual sales revenue and profits. In addition to the monetary reward, AccuClean can apply many other types of rewards such as promotion or workload (based on Adams inequity theory, Jobber and Lancaster, 2006).Not all sales people highly value money some of them might place higher value on promotion, responsibility or recognition. Thus, the variable of rewards will motivate different type of sales people, in order to maximize the expectancy and value of reward (Vrooms expectancy theory, Jobber and Lancaster, 2006). A study of sales force practices by Chartered Institute of Marketing showed that sales people are mostly motivated by individual meetings with supervisor to discuss career, job problems, etc. The second ranked motivating factors is regular accompaniment in the field by the sales manager (Jobber and Lancaster, 2006).These methods of improving leadership style should be aware by ASMs and higher management. 4. 2 Set up the formal recruitment and selection process The formal recruitment process is proposed as below (according to Jobber and Lancaster, 2006, p. 384). Bias in selecting applicants should be minimized by carefully preparing job description and personal specification. Of course, the experience of employer should be used during the selection process. However, those five steps above should be strictly followed to avoid an y mistakes during recruitment. 4. Set up a standardized training practiced training programs will help to equip our sales people with sufficient knowledge and skills. Besides, it plays as a motivation factor for sales people and positively influences the job satisfaction. 4. 3. 1 When should our company train our sales employees? According to Donaldson (2007, p. 208), the training should be held properly when * New sales person is recruited * A sales person takes on a new territory * New products * New business, new market segments * Company new policies or procedure * Selling habits are woeful or inappropriate An individual is being considered for promotion The sales techniques are very important to train all sales people in the organization (69% of North European firms providing sales techniques training). The market and customer knowledge is also essential in training (42% of firms providing this, based on Roman and Ruiz, 2003, cited in Donaldson, 2007). 4. 3. 2 Who should do t he training? Sales trainer can be senior managers (i. e. ASMs, GSM), technical specialists (from Production department), external specialists, or inside experienced sales people (i. e. from other ASMs).In many cases, training is more likely to be provided by inside company specialists, who not only have the best understanding about the organization and individual needs, but also can tailor training programs to suit both internal and on-the-job requirements (Donaldson, 2007). 4. 3. 3 Where should training be do? The training can be organized in internal single location (different ASMs), a centralized external location or a decentralised location (on the job). It depends on the purpose of training and variable factors to decide where to hold the training.Below is the nine possible options that are proposed by Donaldson (2007, p. 210). 4. 3. 4 What methods of training should be used? Lectures, films, role playing, case studies, or in-the-field training are options of training methods (Jobber and Lancaster, 2006). Each has its advantages and limitations. The point is how to use them properly for different training purposes, in order to achieve the best results and highest satisfaction of participants. 4. 4 Restructure the sales team with the new role of KAM New proposed sales team structure is presented in Figure 2 with two radical changes. ASM North and ASM Scotland will be combined into Regional Sales Manager of North and Scotland * Key Account Manager is added to our sales team structure as one independent function Figure 2 Sales Team Structure (proposed) The Regional Sales Managers are formed to ensure the number of sales people is interrelated to the number of customers in each region. The number of customers in the North and Scotland, which is 1196 and 499 respectively, is much fewer than the number of customers in Midlands and South (1973 and 1545 respectively).Therefore, it is appropriate to merge two ASMs North and Scotland together, in order to enhance the performance in the broader area, and increase the influence on organizations decision-making of sales people in the North and Scotland area. The Key Account Manager is added to be in charge of all key accounts in the whole UK. KAMs responsibility is to manage all sales people, who are managing those key accounts in different regions. Moreover, KAM is also responsible for potential key accounts and complex DMUs. The communication and leadership style are crucially important to be successful in managing sales people in different areas.Monthly meeting can be organized and the ripe record system (computer based) should be built up to develop the whole sales teams communication flows in long-term. This proposed sales team structure is based on all forms of selling simultaneously KAM for very big accounts, general territory representatives (Regional Sales Managers) for the medium and small- sized accounts (Jobber and Lancaster, 2006). The number of sales people in AccuClean is curren tly more than necessary, as calculation based on the current number of customers. In fact, it is difficult to get rid of 24 sales people at once, and should not be done in that way.AccuClean can evaluate sales people in the whole company by their performance, motivation and achievement in past years. In a period of 12 months, it is expected to dismiss six sales people. After two years, 12 sales people in total will be fired. AccuClean may attract more customers in the future and need more sales people therefore, it is dependent on the situation at the time to decide how many more sales people have to leave. 4. 5 Action Plan 4. 6 Expected Outcomes Limitations The merger of two ASMs North and Scotland into one Regional Sales might cause problem in the span of control.The new RSM will manage 20-23 sales people, which might lead to the role ambiguity and lack of coaching and supervision. The Action Plan illustrates many tasks that need to complete in the first year, thus, it might be ve ry challenging in the first year for the new GSM. It is a tough decision to fire some sales people in the succeeding(prenominal) two years. It might cause several problems within the sales team concerning rumours or miscommunication. Therefore, it is necessary to have a serious evaluation based on a formal checklist and consultancy from different people in the team.Furthermore, the training needs to be held at the beginning of the year, to inform the sales team about new changes, thus, reduce miscommunication. Bibliography CPSA (2012) Sales Manager Job description Online. Available from http//www. cpsa. com/pdf/src/tools/Sample%20Sales%20Manager%20Job%20Description. pdf Assessed 16 December 2012. Donaldson, B. (2007) Sales Management. 3rd ed. NewYork Palgrave MacMillan. Inc (2012) General Manager Job description Online. Available from http//www. inc. com/tools/general-manager-job-description. html Assessed 16 December 2012.JCT 600 (2012) General Sales Manager Job description Onli ne. Available from http//www. jct600. co. uk/data/cm/careers/1028. pdf Assessed 16 December 2012. Jobber, D. And Lancaster, G. (2006) Selling and Sales Management. 7th ed. England Pearson Education Limited. Myjobs (2012) Senior Sales Manager (Oil Machinery) Online. Available from http//myjobs. classifiedpost. com/index. php/Job-Search/ENGINEERING-GENERAL-BUSINESS-DEVELOPMENT-ACCOUNT-MANAGEMENT-Job-Description/SENIOR-SALES-MANAGER-OIL-MACHINERY/597925 Assessed 16 December 2012. Reed (2012) General Manager Milton Keynes Online.Available from http//www. reed. co. uk/jobs/general-manager-milton-keynes/22306659/jobs/general-sales-manager-in-milton-keynes Assessed 16 December 2012. Appendices 3 4 7. 1 The recruitment process 7. 2 Sales people calculation The Figure 1 calculation will be illustrated in details as below. Based on Number of sales people = (Number of customers x Number of call pa) / (number of calls per day x Number of working days per year) Suppose there are 225 work day s per year, 12 times calling per customer per year (once a month) Each sales person supposes to make 40 calls per week, 10 of those are to be made to prospects.Therefore, each sales person has to make (40-10)/5 = 6 calls per day. * Number of sales people in Midlands = (1973 x 12) / (6 x 225) = 18 * Number of sales people in South = (1545 x 12) / (6 x 225) = 14 * Number of sales people in North = (1196 x 12) / (6 x 225) = 11 * Number of sales people in Scotland/ North Ireland = (499 x 12) / (6 x 225) = 5

Lush Cosmetics is a brilliant company Essay

exuberant Cosmetics is a brilliant company with a lot of new ideas and most of voluptuary crossroads are handmade and label by the producer (Lush, 2014). Nowadays, Lush become very popular around the world developing steadily. However, Lush still has a couple of problems to improve subsequently researching described by 4Ps. To be clearer, Lush will be compared with the some famous British cosmetics company The consistency cuckold (The Body Shop, 2014).Compared with The Body Shop, Lush does not have enough type of disrobecare products, especially for universe (The Body Shop, 2014). Different kind of skin, such as neutral, dry, oil and sensitive skin has different demand of skincare products. It is clear to see the special man skincare products in The Body Shop, save there is no special man skincare product in Lush. Furthermore, the color, design and shape have an effect on how a product looks rather than how it works, but except the appearance of Lush product, the design and shape of product need to have a change (Lush, 2014). For example, when consumers buy the irregular soap back to home, it is so hard for them to find a place or a case to put these products as wetting. The shape of analogous soaps shape is round, which may roll anywhere, so that the designer should have a consideration for the customer how to keep such irregular product when consumer use them at second time.The price of the Lush products is a little higher than the same function products of other brands. For example, one of the most popular products in Lush is Big, a shampoo, costs 12.25 (Lush, 2014), and the same function shampoo in The Body Shop is 4.5. It is clear that the price of Lush product is expensive than others. Also, Lush improves their price once a year, The Big used to be 11.50 (Lush, 2013). At the same time, The Body Shop seldom improves its products price (The Body Shop, 2014).In the promotion aspect of Lush, its promotion method is quite single. In the book edited by Adrian Mackay, Simonetti and Brenda (2004) establish that the institution of Sales Promotion and the trade association defined promotion as A consumer or business directed marketing activity that enhances product appeal by offering an extra incentive to purchase or participate. Compared with The Body Shop, it shows special voucher code on their website, givehigh discount, and promiscuous rescue to the customer when they purchase over a certain amount products. After browsing the Lush website, the completely promotion method found is that customers batch get a free mask if they take six empty mask pots back to Lush denounces. So this promotion is only for mask customers but mask is just one category of their product lines.For the place of local anaesthetic store, the consumer has very limited access to Lush products. To be more specifically, Lush only has one store in one city center and do not have any counter in shopping malls. So the local store is always very crowded. S econd, Lush does not corporate with any cosmetics website, so the only way to buy Lush products online is visit its official website. As it is not free shipping, consumers may be not willing to pay the delivery fee when they only want to buy one or ii products. It is also interesting to find Lush offer next day delivery and standard delivery for their products in their delivery instruction (Lush, 2014). However, standard delivery could take 3-5 working days to deliver a product. Most of Lush mask should be kept in fridge and used within one-third weeks. It is puzzled that how can they guarantee the freshness of its products as it declared.Lush (2014), lush-history Online. Available from https//www.lush-hk.com/shop/info/4/lush-history Accessed 16/12/2014.The Body Shop (2014), tarradiddle Online. Available fromhttp//www.thebodyshopcareers.com/gb/en/about-us Accessed 16/12/2014.The Body Shop (2014), Skincare Online. Available from http//www.thebodyshop.co.uk/skincare.aspx/skincare. aspx Accessed 16/12/2014.Lush (2014), Path Online. Available fromhttps//www.lush-hk.com/shop/product/category/path/136_141/ Accessed 16/12/2014.The Body Shop (2014), For man Online. Available fromhttp//www.thebodyshop.co.uk/skincare/mens-face-care.aspx/mens-face-care.aspxAccessed 16/12/2014.Lush (2014), Delivery information Online. Available from https//www.lush.co.uk/help/delivery Accessed 16/12/2014.MACKAY, A. 2004. Practice of Advertising, Routledge.

Business memo for “I Won’t Hire People Who Use Poor Grammar. Here’s Way,” Essay

After reading Kyle Wiens recent article, I Wont Hire People Who Use Poor Grammar. Heres Way, in July, 2012 issue of Harvard Business Review, I would like to make some recommendations about whether or not to add grammar testing to ABC Companys hiring habituate to improve ABC Companys hiring standards.In Kyle article, he writes people who make grammar mistakes deserve to be passed over for a job and he puts a mandatory grammar test in hiring process. To better assess a grammar test to be a must in hiring people, Kyle emphasized the importance of grammar by great(p) the following reasons1. Grammar is relevant in all companies, not only limited to writing companies. 2. Grammar signifies peoples business sense3. Grammar reflects ones maintenance to detailsFrom the reasons showed by Kyle, grammar is really important in business. Not only does it leave the first impression of a company on the mass, but alike it shows an employees sense to details. With the development of modern society , the competition among companies is more and more fierce. One detail could help a company to differentiate from others and make profits. To adjust to the intense competition, companies needs to recruit those who are qualified in skills and in details.The current hiring practice in ABC Company is limited in identifying individuals character on details. Grammar testing could be a litmus test that helps justify whether a person is detail-oriented to be qualified for the job. As Kyle mentions, details are everything, I would recommend the ABC Companyto add grammar testing in hiring practices to better hiring more both skill-qualified and detailed-oriented people.

Freedom in the Modern World

freedom in the Modern effectuateing Freedom of Choice, Religion and Rights all depends on the step of Freedom of the Press at heart a clownish. Remor J. Gamutan Reg. 1868 August 3, 2011 ENG 101 B Section 70 B Professor Hans Straub Introduction Unlike the past, the world now is more united in diversity. Most countries in the modern world, boast unity of people from different cultures and backgrounds with the same nationality. With unity in diversity comes license of oppressed races and culture.Freedom is a word around of the young generations be very proud of however, it is only a theory for some people from Third World countries and non-democratic nations. According to Sudeshna Pal who is an economist at Georgia College and State University, racial tension and other instabilities inwardly a country, such as, crime, religious problems, ethnic clashes and legion(predicate) more, push aside be solved by giving more emancipation to the press. (Bailey, 2011) The media is r egarded by many, as a powerful tool to create peace at heart a country, given that journalists give up the immunity to write what they need.Creating a free press allows a countrys citizens to non only criticize their establishments activities but also to give them more knowledge about what is happening within their nation, and what they give the axe do to revolutionize it, to improve its situation. Criticism for governments may not be the easiest to handle, especially when its coming from the majority of the nations people. It could be viewed as futile for some countrymen nonetheless, it is a positive mood of informing the government of what the country needs through the peoples perspective, in addition to theirs. Rummel, 1989) This research highlights the importance of indecorousness of the press, and its positive cor comparison to liberty of religious belief, freedom of choice, rights and overall freedom within a country. This is designed to comp be and contrast the pr evailing problems of different nations and the amount of money of freedom the press have, in relation to the overall rights of the people. Furthermore, I am going to discuss the countries with the least amount of freedom and the countries with the closely, in the modern world.My research also provides information about the conditions and factors that set up to the overall liberty of each citizen within a nation. Freedom of the press Advantages and disadvantages of Free Media Liberty in the press hatchs that the government does not bring down much of whats being bring outed, especially the news that they think are politically threatening. All rise-established newsmen know the importance of delivering the truth to the people especially the things that affiliate to politics.According to R. J. Rummel, may it be politically undermining or encouraging, the citizens of a country have the right to know the truth about the activities of their current governments. The reason why freed om of the media is the key to national stability is because the citizens possess the power to suggest or show their perspective and views towards the government and it stock-still promotes revolution if a political society is generally viewed as corrupting the system. Rummel, 1989) This allows a nations leading to work in tandem with the citizens on improving all aspects of the country, and thus eliminating depravity and weak political figures, much like the natural selection in the theory of life. Such great advantages that comes with a free press is ballpark during the tidy sums Power Revolution in the Philippines, in 1986. As an example of how a nation can be improved through media liberation, the act of revolution by the Filipinos that year is well documented and known throughout the whole world.This shows that with freedom of the press, the whole nation has access to the true intentions of their leaders and can stand united as one to overthrow him/her. (Delotavo,2006). Th rough lack of media censorship by the Philippine government, the people were well aware of the rotting of its political leaders. Despite the implementation of martial law, underground newspapers were distributed and a call by the Catholic Church for the nation to stand united over against one common enemy (the president), was successful.The success of the press united all the Filipinos, which caused an uprising and resulted into the current regime (at that time), being overthrown, in the most non-violent manner. The streets of EDSA and majority of Manila (now Metro Manila), were inundate with millions of people as they sought to remove from power the current president of that time, Pres. Ferdinand Marcos. The people stood united, without any violent act. They were simply chanting words with the intention of plead the president to step down from power.With cameras feeding live videos of the revolution all over the world, it was inevitable for Marcos to surrender without any react ion. (Delotavo, 2006). Not long afterward Marcos, another(prenominal) president Pres. Joseph Ejercito Estrada, got taken off from power and sent to jail, through the same process, in retaliation to the alleged plunder that he committed, which has been published by the press. later on those incidents, the next generation of political leaders in the Philippines aims to be very truthful and convincing in each of their annual State of the Nation character reference (SONA), which is broadcasted live on TV.When the President states his/her plans and report the use of the government funds during the SONA, the entire nation is watching because that date is regarded as a national spend in the Philippines. Such revolution is common all over the world today, and most countries have freedom of the press for the sole purpose of educating the people and care them knowledgeable about current political events. The sharing of non-censored information from the government to its citizens reduces the instabilities within a country.These instabilities are measured in seven ways by Sureshna Pal as ethnic tensions, external and internal conflicts, crime and disorder, military preparation in government, and religious tensions. (Bailey, 2011), as she analyzed the data from 98 countries. She found out from her analysis that a rise in freedom of the press creates a decrease of all the measures of instability within a country. These are the advantages of having a liberal media. According to the, World humans opinion a report of results from 22 nations released during the International Freedom Day in 2008, most countries prefer freedom of the press.As shown in Fig. 1, most nations, except for majority of the Muslim dominated lands which compose of Egypt, Turkey, Palestine Territories, Iran, Jordan and Indonesia, voted for the idea of press freedom. The average vote for liberty of the press amongst the 22 countries is 57% while only 35% believed that the government must have the po wer to censor the media from publishing things that could be politically threatening for the government. (World Public Opinion).Most Muslim dominated countries believe that the government has the right of censorship because of the Islamic culture. Islam has a long hi degree of authoritarian tradition, and press restrictions are considered as a right of the government by these countries to preserve political stability. Such stability is not necessarily the overall stability within the country which is depict by Pal to be measured in seven different ways, but stability in terms of the people in power. However, this does not mean that such countries do not desire more press freedom.Countries like Egypt, Jordan, Indonesia, and the Palestine Territories are among those Muslim countries who voted that their nations could do better with more liberty of the media as shown in the chart below. Despite these figures and known advantages of having freedom of the press, many can still argue tha t too much liberty of the media, especially during conflict and war, can be a great disadvantage. This is because the press could be dominantly biased on one opinion, and that simple facts and figures could be manipulated. (World Public Opinion)According to K. A Soxmans article, TMI, Tet and the Media, most of the American people who are in the USA during the Vietnam War were easily persuaded that USA was going to lose the war, and many American soldiers have already died. The latter was in fact the truth however, the media were convincing enough that the American citizens assumed that reports from the press were 100% accurate. This resulted in to a lack of support to the soldiers in Vietnam from the USA, and the majority of the American people sought the return of the soldiers back home.The press were biased against the war and reported that the Tet offensive was a lost battle where in fact, US soldiers have won that fight and could have, arguably, carried on to ultimately win the war. (Soxman, 1980). The same happened during the war in Iraq. Since the tragedy of 9/11, rumors have spread that USA was trying to overrun and conquer Iraq for their oil, and many other reasons. Those are rumors deemed to be true for some irresponsibly biased media who never revealed the true intentions of the American government.Since then, such reports took its toll on the government, and they have been heavily criticized as liars and greedy by their own people. Biased reports made the US regime pay a heavy price after the war on Iraq with unlimited criticism. (Grieder, 2004). The disadvantages of freedom of the press are that it could be misleading. During war and conflict, as part of human nature, many take sides of a story and believe it to be true, even the media. With such beliefs, come strong arguments that can be very convincing if manipulated well by the educated. It can also be true in terms of political issues.A certain group of the media may be on one side while anoth er would be on the other side. This also explains why most of the Muslim dominated countries shown in Fig. 1 voted against press freedom because such countries have long recital of documented internal conflicts. However, with the right precautions and the right of the government to question, not necessarily censor such reports, could resolve conflicts. With groups of the media on different sides of a story, the result could be disagreement in the short run, but, it is a perfect way to debate and analyze the positives from each side and create a positive resolution in the long run.Freedom of the Press The Countries with the Least Freedom of the press and its conditions According to the article, Countries with the Least amount of Press Freedom in the World, which used the data that was released by Reporters without Borders in October 2009, the top five nations with the least amount of liberty of the media are Eritrea, due north Korea, Turkmenistan, Iran and Burma. Following the repo rt in 2006 by the Committee to protect Journalists (CPJ) on the, 10 Most Censored Countries, North Korea was always among the top because of its Communism. Most of these countries are hardly democratic.In a communist country like North Korea, reports of famine, poverty and even murder by government officials are never reported. This is because all the domestic news-related matters are fully controlled by the government. Radio channels, television and even newspapers always publish their communist leader, Kim Jong Ils wisdom. On a tragic incident that occurred in April 2004 near the border of China, where a munitions train exploded, the amount of people who died were not reported, instead the North Korean press reported the loyalty of the people towards their leader by saving his portraits before their beloved families.The picture shown in Fig. 3, however, shows the forlornness of such incident, provided by the World Food Program, where there were 150 people recorded dead and thousan ds were injured. (10 most censored countries, 2006). Many of the negative occurrences within the country are never revealed to the world, leaving its citizens at the mercy of their leader. Almost all of the top ten least free countries in terms of media liberty have the exact same problem in that their leaders isolate the country from the rest of the world to gain full control of their nation and to blue-pencil all threats that could potentially overthrow them.Freedom of the Press The Countries with the Most Freedom of the press and its conditions Shown in Fig. 4, in the 22 nations that were assessed by World Public Opinion, the country which had the most amount of freedom of the media is the UK with 71%, voting for a lot, and 22% voted for some, followed by the USA with 66% who responded with a lot, while 26% voted for some. Both countries are very democratic countries and have very few or no internal conflict between ethnic groups and racial tension.The same pattern applies for the top ten countries with the most freedom of the media, from the data collect by Reporters without Borders, in the article Countries with the Least Amount of Press Freedom in the World. The nations which belonged to the bottom of that list has the highest press freedom and least government censorship, and those countries are Sweden, Norway, Republic of Ireland, Finland, Denmark and many more which are mostly from europium and North America. Such results prove R. J.Rummels argument on his article, Freedom of the PressA Way to Global Peace, that free media promotes democracy to be and accurate claim. boilers suit freedom within a Country The Measurement of Overall Freedom? Pal, according to Bailey in the article, Peace and the Press Media Bolster Social Cohesion, has conducted an analysis of the correlation coefficient between press freedom and the seven measures of instability within a country. These instabilities were measured as ethnic tensions, external and internal conflicts , crime and disorder, military conflict in government, and religious tensions.Such instabilities are described by Pal to only improve with the increase of liberty by the press, quoting Thomas Jeffersons wisdom, Were it left to me to go under whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. (Bailey, 2011). Those measures were close to the actual measurement of a countrys overall freedom once compared to the thorough report of Freedom in the World 2011 the Authoritarian Challenge to Democracy, written and compiled by arch(a) Puddington.Thus, the overall freedom of a country is measured based on these conditions whether or not there is an open political competition, respect for religion and civilized rights from the government, how significant the independent civic life is, independence of media, and strength of the rule of law. Given these conditions, three broad categories are derived, Free, Partly Free, and Not Free, with the conditions given in the Box (Fig. 5). A country, as stated in Fig. should possess positive values of the conditions written there, which includes freedom of religion, political right of the people, and right of speech which can be included in the category of independent media. According to Puddingtons report, there are 87 countries which represent 45% of the worlds 194 countries that are considered as free. That consists of 43% of the worlds population. However, there are 47 countries that were categorized as not free, which represents 24% of the worlds countries.In intact, the population stands at 2, 434, 250,000 people or 35%, a surprising number despite the increase of democratic nations throughout the years. Overall freedom within a Country The Countries with the least amount of overall freedom Of the 24% of the World countries (47 nations) which are categorized as not free, there are nine which are absolutely the worst in terms of Over all Freedom. In relation to having the least amount of Press Freedom, North Korea, Turkmenistan, Iran and Burma are again amongst these countries categorized as the worst.The people are thought to have no political rights, no freedom of choice and civil liberties which include freedom of religion and many more. This further proves the importance of a liberal media, and why it is considered by many as the most important tool within a country to keep its peace. It is well reported that lack of freedom only haunts the Authoritarian nations and cultures. Most democratic nations are categorized as free countries, where the press is relatively free of restriction and all the other measures of instabilities are low.Overall freedom within a Country The Countries with the most amount of overall freedom In Puddingtons review, he did not state the countries with the highest amount of overall freedom because of its lack of importance compared to the not free countries, in which his report focu ses on. However, in the regional patterns shown in page 9 of his report (shown as fig. 6 below), the Americas and Western Europe, which has the most democratic countries, has the most number of free nations. This is similar to the Countries with the Most Freedom, in page 10 of this research paper both regions also had the most liberty of media.Analysis Freedom in the world According to all the data collected in this research, Democratic Nations are the most free nations in the world in terms of all the conditions that were mentioned before. In the figures and charts taken from Puddingtons thorough review, which impart be shown on the next few pages, it can be derived that Democracy is indeed the best policy and in relation to the data collected antecedent in terms of Freedom of the press, most free nations, are democratic and have a high press freedom. Conclusion Both Sudehsna Pal and R. J.Rummel are right when they claim that press freedom is the key for democracy and peace. In t he Country Breakdown by status, Not free countries are the last in terms of the number of nations within that category. However, it has the second largest population, shown in the population breakdown. In the Regional data, it is clear that the regions found to have the most freedom of the press, have the most overall freedom. It is very surprising that the countries that are not free, which have few political rights and civil liberties, have 35% of the worlds total population, whereas the countries which are free has 43%.Nevertheless, there is a positive correlation between press freedom and overall freedom of a country. This shows the importance of a liberal press within a nation, because with no restrictions to report what is needed, the government could stay honest to its people to avoid negative criticisms. It also allows the citizens to be well educated about what is going on within their country and can act upon their own to help the government resolve internal issues. Refere nces Countries with the least amount of Freedom in the World. (2009), http//www. blatantworld. om/feature/the_world/least_free_national_press_html. (2011, July 19) Delotavo, A. J. (2006). Ethical Considerations on Ecclesio-Political Involvement A Philippine People Power Case. Asia Journal of Theology, 20(2), 221-229. academic Search Premier Database. www. ebscohost. com (2011, July 17) Europe falls from its pedestal, no respite in the dictatorships. (2010). Press Freedom Index 2010, Retrieved from http//en. rsf. org/press-freedom-index-2010,1034. html (2011, July 20) Fadhil Ali , M. (2011). Freedom has a price. The CBS Interactive Business Network, Retrieved from http//findarticles. om/p/news-articles/new-straits-times/mi_8016/is_20110715/freedom-price/ai_n57838829/ (2011, July 12) Freedom in the world 2011 the authoritarian challenge to democracy. (2011). Report- Freedom House, Retrieved from http//reliefweb. int/node/381505 (2011, July 14) Freedom of the media country by country r esults. (2008). World Public Opinion, Retrieved from http//www. worldpublicopinion. org/pipa/pdf/apr09/WPO_PressFreedom_Apr09_countries. pdf. (2011, July 19) Greider, W. (2004, May 3). Iraq as Vietnam. Nation. p. 5. Academic Search Premier Database. www. ebscohost. com (2011, July 17)International public opinion says government should not limit internet access. (2009 ). World Public Opinion, Retrieved from http//www. worldpublicopinion. org/pipa/articles/ btjusticehuman_rightsra/477. php? lb=bthr&pnt=477&nid=&id=an_rightsra/477. php? lb=bthr&pnt=477&nid=&id=&gclid=CLqZw6TxiqoCFUka6wod9ye7xg (2011, July 14) Ladeur, K. (2009). The myth of the indifferent(p) state and the individualization of religion the relationship between state and religion in the face of fundamentalism. Cardozo Law Review, 30(6), 2445-2471. Academic Search Premier Database. www. ebscohost. om (2011, July 17) Neuhaus, R. , Wahid, A. , Smith, N. , Chamarik, S. , Bernas, J. , & Delgado, M. (1985). RELIGIOUS grantin g immunity IN THE THIRD WORLD. World Affairs, 147(4), 253. Academic Search Premier Database. www. ebscohost. com (2011, July 17) Puddington, A. (2011). Freedom of the world 2011 the authoritarian challenge to democracy. Freedom House, Retrieved from http//reliefweb. int/sites/reliefweb. int/files/resources/ EFA28E3670B830004925781E000EA6EA-Full_Report. pdf (2011, July 14) Ronald Bailey Peace and the press media bolster kindly cohesion. Reason. FindArticles. om. 18 Jul, 2011. http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1568/is_4_43/ai_n57762421/ (2011, July 14) Rummel , R. J. (1989). Freedom of the press a way to global peace*. Retrieved from http//www. hawaii. edu/powerkills/FREEPRESS. HTM (2011, July 19) Soxman, K. A. (1980). TMI, Tet and the media. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 36(3), 64. Academic Search Premier Database. www. ebscohost. com (2011, July 17) hug drug most censored countries. (2006). Committee to Protect Journalists, Retrieved from http//cpj. org/reports/2006/05/1 0-most-censored-countries. php (2011, July 14)

Debut

Guests arrive Introduction legion Good evening to all of us. Welcome to Mapayapa Village,Clubhouse. Welcome to the p guiley of our charming debutant who is instanter turning into a fine lady. This is quiet a very important event in her life and she is very much honor for your presence. She is now a real lady as she stepped onto the much higher level of what we call LIFE. Ladies and gentlemen, sit back as we groove, jive and enjoy her party for tonight innkeeper But before we go on, it is my great honor to introduce all her special guests for tonight. Dad- Mr. Eduardo Benitez Mom- Mrs. Marilyn Benitez Sister- Maybelle Benitez Brother- Joemark BenitezWithout them, her life would be empty and unhappy. Let us all hark back a big round of praise to honor all the plenty whom she truly loved. Sabi nga, marami tayong mahahanap na kapuso, pero iisa lang ang ating kapamilya. GRAND ENTRANCE of debutante EMCEE And now. guests, friends, ladies and gentlemen, let us all stand as we gratefu l the debutant as a woman of grandeur. Lets give a big round of applause Ms. Mary Jane Benitez. TOAST IN HONOR OF THE DEBUTANTE INVOCATION OR PRAYER EMCEE To spiritually open the program, may I ask everybody to divert stand for the Lords Moment for our guidance and blessings to be led by DININGEMCEE Now,I would identical to announce that we go forth have our dinner this time. After the dinner, the family would like to request everybody to please remain for a while for the continuation of our program. Thank you. (after dinner) EMCEE Once again, a sumptuous evening to nonpareil and all It is my enamor that you remain and let us rejoice for that. 18 Candles And to represent Janes Circle of Important People of her Life, let us welcome the following persons who will share their wishes and offer Ring ofEnlightenment which symbolizes friendship which binds two persons together, and the different colors of light from the ring represents all aspects of hardship and joy to make them clos er together. Of word form these people will be the ones who will give her advices and soma words along the way on how to become a perfect woman. * Leah Mae Benitez * Dawn Garvida * Cristine Garvida * Francee Cutamora * Maybelle Benitez * angelica Benitez * Nerili Garcia * Reyeen Vergara * Regina Mitra * Angielly Decoy * Grace Villena * Precious Feliciano * Jinky Aquino * Cha Sumacot * Donna Inguito * Christine Encomienda Jam Ballos 18 Treasures EMCEEGifts symbolize ever flowing love, caring and admiration. * Mrs. Kristina Benitez * Mrs. Erlyn Villaruel * Mrs. Menchie Diaz * Mrs. Janeth Garvida * Mrs. Alma Illazar * Ms. Ruby Nacario * Mrs. Rosa Castillo * Mrs. Belen Navarro * Mrs. Fe Bulangis * Amy * Nanay Sally * Lita Cutamora * Tita Lon EMCEE After the offering of the gifts, let us now proceed to the most important part of this should we call it rituals of turning 18? Let us now acknowledge one of the most loved and important persons in Janes life. This time to dance with her, le ts welcome her father..Mr. Eduardo Benitez (after the dance) EMCEE Mr. Benitez,Janes loving father will be followed by Janes Circle of 18 gentle bachelors who will offer to her roses that symbolize love. Love which Jane has for her family and all the people in her life. Each bachelor after giving Jane a rose will dance with her for about 1 or two minutes with the land music dedicated by each guy to the debutante let us start with (Modern Dance) SPECIAL NUMBER OF THE CELEBRANT EMCEE Sharing is one of the virtues Jane possesses because it is what her parents taught her.To share to us one of her talents, let us hold our breath and fix our attention to what she will be given to us, ladies and gentlemen, lets welcome Ms. Mary Jane Benitez TOAST FOR A SUCCESSFUL LIFE EMCEE Are you amazed with what she has performed to us? Jane is really such a talented woman, full of art and wonderful ideas for herself and of course for all the people whom she truly loved. The wine symbolizes commitment and triumph. Jane is considered victorious because she is able to reach the debutant age and it is a great time for this kind of celebration.To toast with her the wine for a long lasting victory of her life, let us all call in the following special persons who are in one way or another became a part of her life through thick and thin, ups and downs, right and wrong and some quantify good and bad times of life. Once again Janes Family to be with here for the wine toast. DEBUTANTES SPEECH EMCEE To officially confirm the heat and legality of this party, at para na rin ipaliwanag ang lahat ng kaganapang ito let us now hear the speech to be given of course by our gorgeous debutante no other than Ms. Mary Jane Benitez PARTY TIME

Foreign And Local Studies Essay

How it make watersThe musical arrangement compargons current stocktaking aims of a merchandise and the number scheduled for production with the number involve, and determines if the level of production mustiness be changed. If necessary, the dodge sends a message to the master production schedule to increment production. Also, the line monitoring governing body slows bring production when a products retail bargains levels dont meet the gross sales forecast and the caller-up everyplaceproduces the product.LOCAL LITERATUREEvercom Auto Supply is working downstairs manual method which some times ca procedures customer dissatis incidention because of the slow cargon for on how they transact to their customers and the occurrence of some errors that atomic number 18 not expected much(prenominal) as doubling the periods purchased by the customers, misplaced of the carbon copy of receipt, mistakes in magnetic diping of an items purchased by the customer, sometimes the items purchased by the customer is not listed on a receipt, a wrong computation of the items purchased by the customer and sometimes they forgot to record the damage item. The occurrence lost and improper written text of some items. They had difficulties on accessing the item in the stock-take due to manual organisation procedure.2.1.1. Specific Problem1. How to develop a module that volition monitor the agile and slow moving of items, reorder, vital level, safety stock and back order of its inventory? Evercom Auto Supply doesnt puzzle a computerized governance, they do not monitor on their fast and slow moving items, reorder, critical level, safety stock and back order. It is difficult to determine what items ar in demand and those atomic number 18 not because their records of sales and inventory are written at one record concord. The owner is not aware in monitoring the stocks, if the stocks are in critical level or re-ordering point and needed to replenish. The owne r doesnt render idea ab away the safety stock and he doesnt know if the items have damage or not. 2. How to design, develop, and implement a module that forget improve their purchasing order? Evercom Auto Supply purchased their items from their supplier. There will be in-charge someone to check their items manually. aft(prenominal) checking all the items, the person in-charge will write down all the items on a piece of paper that is needed to order. Sometimes the supplier will go to the s disunite and ask theowner if what they want to order. There are times that they need to order large quantities of an item. It takes a lot of time to do that because they manually check the items on their store and the record book. 3. How to design, develop, and implement a module that will improve their sales feat? Evercom Auto Supply is faced with such problems in dealing with their customers on their have made. The problem of that is the manual process of their byplay transaction it takes a lot of time to consume because of the repeated process of doing a receipt by completing the data include on that.When the customers buy a large measuring rod of items, sometimes they do not list all the items buy by the customer. And they have incorrect computation and listing of items in the receipt. In computing the total purchased of the customer, the in-charge person will write down all the items purchased by the customer in a receipt and then sum up the entire total purchased. 4. How to design, develop, and implement a module that will intimately generate reports? Evercom Auto Supply is faced with such problems in generating reports because they have difficulty in acquiring supplier reports and inventory reports. They in like manner have problems in improper handling of a receipt had been neglected.This study relies on information researched by the proponents. Review of related literature and studies are essential for the emergence of the study, it will sponsor the propon ents to understand the topics mitigate because this may clarify unclear points about the problem. It also guides the proponents in making comparisons between these findings with the event of former(a) analogous studies.Related Literature Foreign and LocalSales and broth SystemSales is a method of presenting a product in the industry, of importtaining control over the sales process and ultimately achieving the highest level of profit together with delivering the highest level of customer satisfaction. (Ashani, 2009) stated that inventory is a list of goods and materials, or those goods and materials themselves, held avail satisfactory in stock by a business. An inventory is simply the list of goods that comprises the stock of a business. This enables you to grip track of the goods, hence maintaining a balance between the make out and demand (Reece Matthew, 2010). descent isvery big to any business. It is the meter that measures the business flow. Good inventory helps the bus iness to cheque strong. Accountants have to understand the inventory make pass in order to be able to track it and evaluate it correctly (Andrews, 2010). (Smith, 2009) said that, when the amount of inventories is huge, it becomes next to impossible to relieve record of the number of inventories manually by counting them.It proves to be demanding for time and resources both. Therefore large numbers of companies are apply inventory counsel software for the respective determination. The result is economic control and recognisement of inventories saving on time and hard work factor. The software arsehole keep track many a(prenominal) details like quantity of goods stored, purchasing date of goods, records maintenance of sales, gives apt product description etc. Such cause of servings makes the process of inventory wariness smoother. An inventory carcass helps instruction control the inventories, in turn triming overall operating costs in the areas of labor, facilities a nd logistics. It also improves customer-service metrics and fulfillment rates (Kenneth, 2009). Maintaining a craved level of inventory has the following benefits it meets the transaction, precautionary and speculative needs of the operation and it helps reduce cost of operation (Sharan, 2010).According to (Conrad, 2010) an inventory system give the axe reduce, or even totally eliminate, the need for these costly hand counts. A quality inventory system backside pinpoint which departments and which workers are purchasing the share of arguing supplies, tender materials and other goods. This information can help the management team centralize ordering and reduce costs by negotiating with vendors for better monetary values. As approximately every business owner knows, inventory accounts for a most important part of business outlay whether we are talking in relation to raw materials, components or finished goods. A foremost issue in reaching a cost-effective return on outlay is to c ontrol it as resourcefully as possible and an essential available means for this is a barcode inventory system. With such information on precisely what you have in inventory and where it is located, on-line(a) real time information regarding stock levels, recorder levels and economic order quantities and tremendously accurate information input and output (Dickson, 2010).Reliable inventory system can help your orders purchasing, receiving, and sales department function much smoothly with an organized synergy that will help your business stay on top. concording stock ofgoods in the warehouse, bills of lading, purchase orders, returns and other terrestrial aspects of running your business can cost hundreds of man hours per month. What can you do to keep it all organized? You need a software system built with your industry in mind. Whether your business is telecommunications, infrastructure or finished goods, software to help you manage you income and outgo of stock will save your company time and money both in the short term and the long term.The aim of a business software management system is to simplify all of these things. If you need detailed reports on one or all departments within your company, an inventory system will make this possible. Get up to the minute sales reports in place to keep track of sales and expenditures (Cooper, 2009). Before you invest, you are going to have to make an informed finality about how much you think the inventory on the balance sheet is really worth. A major part of this decision should be based on how fast the inventory is turned or sold, (Kennon, 2010).Barcode ScannerInvestors are trying their best to cut the cost of doing business and are spending money for new, but affordable technologies. An example is a barcode reader that comes in various types and uses. A barcode scanner or reader is an apparatus employ to trap and read information included in a barcode. This device may be a handheld or fixed stationary type (Ur mann, 2009). Barcode bears a unique ID to every item and each product, which upon being scanned can provide all essential information such as weight price and other exact details. When provided in a computer system assists in keeping count of complete sales the item list etc. Barcodes are accurate and assist with saving time and money cut down on mistakes and simultaneously assist the retail item become a hazard of the whole system of the item ID. A Barcode may contain each part of essential info necessary in a certain item and this can create the nonchalant stocking as a simple task.It will then become effort little for the associates to flag items that are expired and also sale items. In sum, the present day retail environment cant perform competitively without barcodes, (Jones, 2010). Before the inception of barcode scanners, people counted their stocks and supplies manually. The manual tallying of items and products is indeed a dire activity for most retailers. The number of items available in the store should mark the itemssold. Barcode scanners are light-emitting devices found in supermarkets and other stores designed to read barcodes. These devices are connected to a computer system where information is stored and to be used for future retrieval of data. Barcode scanners scan the barcodes and transform them to readable information through a computer database. Barcode readers are set up at cash registers with a database that contains the necessary information on the stores items. When the item is scanned, it is recorded in the system and adjusts automatically the inventory levels (Green, 2011).These days just about every item you see is reached at some point by barcode technology. From the manufacturing line where products are assembled to the shelf at your favorite store, individual products pass through dozens of check points where they are scanned. When an item is shipped it is scanned, when it is rung up at a cash register, if it is returned to t he merchant it is scanned. every last(predicate) along the supply chain some type of barcode scanner feeds information to a computer database that keeps track of the product. As important as this barcode scanner technology is you would think that we would know more about it. Most of us, however, give it very little thought. It is such a part of our everyday life now that we hardly even notice it (Nguyen, 2010). The job of the barcode scanner is to read the codes that are imprinted on the black and white UPC (Universal Product Code) symbols that you see on just about every package and item that your purchase.They do this job quickly, accurately, and efficiently. at a time the code is read it is fed electronically to a computer which matches up the number to an item number in a product database. In doing so a merchant can keep track of inventory, ring up a customer purchase, or count the number of items left in a warehouse. Bar codes are used on everything from mail to medicines. (G uven, 2011) stated that the use of Barcode systems is proved to be efficient in retail industry because of the following facts Faster Billing Process Products billed incorrectly and the maximum time needed for billing and checkout is what most consumers hate when they go for shopping today. Its because the delay in processing and incorrect pricing affects their expensive time and busybodied work schedule. Barcode automation employed in retail stores provides greater accuracy and makes billing process faster and efficient. Data management and complete business operation is also made simple with reliable barcode systems.Minimized need of Workforce Usingbarcode systems is greatly useful for retailers in the sense that it never involves any feverish processes and so can reduce the labor costs in an effective way. Other than this, unlike calculations made by humans, barcode systems greatly reduces the chance for errors and makes quick and open processing. Warehouse Management Most of the retail outlets today use barcode systems for their operation because of its simple and cost-effective management system. Customers can be satisfied with a finest level of service since products are sold at the right price. When compared to skilled workers, barcode systems work many times faster and provide reliable business management system.Keep track of Product Information Barcode systems can save you a lot of time needed for tracking product information. Entering the prices of large number of items manually is not an easy task. But with a barcode system, you can record product information easily and accurately. Barcode scanners used in mobile phones are more expedient since it can be used to retrieve all details about any particular product. This is the reason why most of the retailers today are victimization mobile barcode systems for promoting events, products and services. Identify Products Easily Barcode systems are commonly used in retail outlets to identify different ranges of products. Similar products can be ordered easily with unique codes to meet consumer demands. By recording and tracking product information, a retailer can greatly enhance his business operation. The growing demand and other factors of all types of products can be easily recognized with the help of barcode systems.Short Messaging Service (SMS) TechnologyReaching the potential customers is the first step towards the boffo establishment of a product or service. An effective marketing strategy must be utilized to build up the brand awareness and incr slake the sales volume. SMS business is one such effective marketing strategy to increase the volume of sales as well as build up the brand awareness. Today many business use SMS to reach out their existing customers as well as build a new customer base. Like every technology if used in right proportion and method it increases the volume of sales (Thomas, 2012).SMS is an acronym standing for Short Message Service. It is commonly referred to as text messaging or texting as well. SMS is a method by which messages can be sent to a electric kiosk phone via another cell phone, a computer connected to the internet, a regular land line or a hand held device such as Blackberry. The original specifications for SMS were true in 1985, though real implementation and popularity took nearly a decade to achieve. SMS messages may be sent either from one point to another point, or may be sent to all devices within a specific geographical region. the former known as SMS-PP, is used primarily between individuals communication with one another, while the latter, known as SMS-CB, may be used to broadcast public announcements such as road or weather conditions, region-specific announce messages, or messages from cell provider regarding the new coverage area, (McGuigan, 2010).Short message service is a mechanism of delivery of short messages over the mobile ne devilrks. It is a store and forward way of transmitting messages t o and from mobiles, (Gupta, 2010).The common text messaging service available on cell phones and other hand held devices. Due to the billions of cell phones in use, SMS is the most ubiquitous messaging system on the planet. Typing text messages (texting), which are limited to 160 characters in length, can be make on basic cell phones with only numeric keys, although QWERTY keyboards make the job easier.Like instant messaging, SMS transmits the senders message to the recipient immediately. It also stores and forward messages later if a recipients phone was off when the message was initiated. SMS pricing differs by carrier, which may charge a flat fee per month, a charge per message on include it in a service plan. Traveling over a control channel separate from the voice channel, SMS was introduced in a GSM system in Europe and migrated worldwide to cell phone carriers. Whereas SMS is text only, MMS supports multimedia, (Davis, 2010).Mobile supply chain management is increasingly re cognized as an area offering significant potential for generating improvements and creating competitive advantage to corporations. Obviously, high efficiency mobile chain network needs simultaneous and accurate information about demand, supply, sale, inventory, shipment and operational activities, (Xiaokang andQiong, 2008). Many business processes can be more intuitive and engaging (and ultimately easier to use) by including SMS, fax, voice and other notices to their participants end-to-end the process, (Ruhl, 2010). All the cellular network providers offer SMS with certain SMS level or text messaging capability. The SMS features and costs may vary according to the carriers and package physique that suits to business and individual needs, (Hensley, 2010).Cell phone text messaging or texting can be used to order merchandise or services, or it can be used for advertisements. Consumers can use SMS technology to purchase tickets to events and have them delivered electronically to the ir cell phone. Today, these minutes can indeed take place using a small device like a cell phone (Baldauf and Stair, 2009). For messages requiring immediate delivery, only one message delivery attempt is made per service request. For messages not requiring immediate delivery, one or more delivery attempts are made until an acknowledgement is received, (Clements, 2010). Mobile messaging services used in business has its own advantages in building up the brand awareness, customer count as well as increasing its revenue (Thomas, 2012).Almost all companies are looking for ways on how to increase or maintain their sales performance. SMS marketing is proving just the tool for shrewd businesses look for innovative new media strategies to keep themselves ahead of the game during the economic downturn. Its now more important than ever for businesses to improve efficiency, reduce waste and produce targeted responsive marketing campaigns and digital mediums such as mobile are proving the idea l solution ensuring much needed return on investment (Liao, 2009).According to (Francisco, 2009) while some electronic toys and gadgets come with some dumping down effects on their users, most of these devices offer increasing levels of convenience. Take the mobile phone, for example. While too many accidents and mishaps mightiness have been caused by improper (read stupid) ways of using the cellular phone, it cannot be denied that these wireless contraptions have made it easier by far to keep in touch with other people. Yet, while todays Smartphones might seem like a giant step toward the mobile equivalent of Nirvana, the possibilities for more ease and comfort seem endless. We might have only scratched the surface.Related Studies Foreign and LocalInventory proportionality is the finishing of demand-driven inventory management. The primary optimal outcome is to have the same number of days worth of inventory on hand across all products so that the time of run out of all products would be simultaneous. The secondary goal of inventory proportionality is inventory minimization. By integrating accurate demand forecasting with inventory management, replenishment inventories can be scheduled to arrive just in time to replenish the product destined to run out first, while at the same time balancing out the inventory supply of all products to make their inventories more proportional, and thereby closer to achieving the primary goal. Accurate demand forecasting also allows the desire inventory proportions to be dynamic by determining expected sales out into the future this allows for inventory to be in proportion to expected short-run sales or consumption rather than to past averages, a much more accurate and optimal outcome.Integrating demand forecasting into inventory management in this way also allows for the prediction of the can fit point when inventory storage is limited on a per-product basis (Sudha, 2011). (Liang, 2010) stated in his study entitled Invento ry Management System for SME (Small and Medium Enterprise) that a computerized inventory helps to predict problems in procurement transaction. With formulas that are known to help with inventory planning, the computerized inventory system is capable of assisting companies in their purchasing decision, improving its productivity and efficiency. This often leads to a better procurement decision. This inventory system supports role-based access that mimics users in different departments. Roles can be customized to restrict access to only a certain part of the system and is very configurable.A built in notification system facilitates communication between these users and their departments. These features create a generic workflow system that is flexible and easy to use. According to (Castro, Catabay, Garde, Ofilan, Ubaldo, 2010), Inventory is merchandise in-stock and on hand, also known as stock. It is a list for goods and materials, or those goods and materials themselves, held availab le in stock by a business. Inventory are held in order to manage and hide from the customer the fact that manufacture or supply delay is longer than the delivery delay, and also to ease the effect of imperfections in the manufacturing process that lower production efficiencies if production readiness stands idle for the lack of materials.It is also the total amount of goods or materials contained in a store or factory at any given time. In their studies in the sales and inventory of MOJU-DELLI General Merchandise, they found out the problems encountered by the management so they proposed a system that will produce an effective inventory system and generate fast and accurate result for the assets and inventory of the company.Inventory system is an effective way for monitoring and tracking different materials that are transferred in and out of the companys warehouse or establishment usually for accounting intentions. It is also important for a company to monitor all the transactions and movement of goods in order to keep an account of all their stocks. However in the same establishments, the inventory of materials is done manually in such a way that an employee writes down the information of different materials every time it is transferred in and out of the room, (Bernabe, Dela Cruz, Jao, 2007). In the study entitled Inventory & Billing System for ERF Enterprises (Obispo, 2003) states that in businesses like ERF Enterprises having used to manually handling their sales is hard. And manual computation for billing and business transaction are slow, less accurate & less competitive.By using their proposed system will speed up the business billing transaction and also provide them with a more accurate, reliable & up-to-date billing information in less tedious task. It would also help them avoid such situations where they have problems regarding their product delivery & sales. In the studies entitled Osaka Sales and Inventory System (Laranang, Maao and Naola, 2009) s tates that business nowadays takes the advantage of using modern technology to improve their status & ensuring an efficient & newer way to make their work easier. They states that the main problem of the Osaka Iridology is what modern effective tool must be use in creating & developing a sales and inventory system that will manage efficiently their transaction. So they develop a system that inclusively for the transaction of Osaka Iridology, such as monitoring of their medicine and their daily sales.In the research entitled the Development and Evaluation of Computerized Sales and Inventory System MBC with SMS Confirmation (Consolacion, Dela Cruz, Dela Pena, Peduche, 2011), stated that manual processes are hard to deal with. It takes a lot of effort, patience and lots of staffing of employees is expected that can slow down the work of company. To avoid this kind of situation, they proposed a new system to the saidcompany to enhance their sales and inventory with SMS confirmation. The system is designed to increase their production, to manage the availability of products easily and to improve their operation. They concluded that having an efficient sales and inventory system the management can improve their operational process and with the help of new technologies today.According to (Castro, Catabay, Garde, Ofilan, Ubaldo, 2010), Inventory is merchandise in-stock and on hand, also known as stock. It is a list for goods and materials, or those goods and materials themselves, held available in stock by a business. Inventory are held in order to manage and hide from the customer the fact that manufacture or supply delay is longer than the delivery delay, and also to ease the effect of imperfections in the manufacturing process that lower production efficiencies if production capacity stands idle for the lack of materials. It is also the total amount of goods or materials contained in a store or factory at any given time. In their studies in the sales and inventory of MOJU-DELLI General Merchandise, they found out the problems encountered by the management so they proposed a system that will produce an effective inventory system and generate fast and accurate result for the assets and inventory of the company.Inventory system is an effective way for monitoring and tracking different materials that are transferred in and out of the companys warehouse or establishment usually for accounting purposes. It is also important for a company to monitor all the transactions and movement of goods in order to keep an account of all their stocks. However in the same establishments, the inventory of materials is done manually in such a way that an employee writes down the information of different materials every time it is transferred in and out of the room, (Bernabe, Dela Cruz, Jao, 2007).Sales and Inventory System with SMS of Raw Materialfor Gintong Silangan Merchants, IncorporatedThe purpose of this proposal is to develop a Sales and Inventory System of raw materials for Gintong Silangan Merchants, Incorporated that will speed up their process of transaction and will provide the company with reliable and accurate records of transactions.Referencehttp//www.papercamp.com/essay/60983/ThesisGintong Silangan Merchants, Incorporated is a distributor of raw materials of different fragrances and cosmetics since 1999. They use a computer for recording and reporting their inventory of their materials but they actually do not have a particular system. The major problems that the company has encountered is the slow processing of transaction activities such as price inquiry and checking the availability of raw materials and too much time is consumed in generating accurate summaries and reports. In this method, a lot of time is washed-out through the use of calculator and hand counting which leads to inaccurate numbers of tally with the previous inventory. Sales reports are being generated through spreadsheets and all files such as the reports and customers records were stored in a filing cabinet.The proponents want to propose a Computer Based System using Visual Basic.NET for the development of the system and My SQL for the database. They believed that the proposed system will greatly improve the existing process and will contribute in making the process more efficient and effective.How Inventory Management Systems WorkInventory management systems are the rule for such enterprises, but smaller businesses and vendors use them, too. The systems ensure customers always have enough of what they want and balance that goal against a retailers financial need to maintain as little stock as possible. Mismanaged inventory means disappointed customers, too much cash tied up in warehouses and slower sales. Factors such as quicker production cycles, a proliferation of products, multi-national production contracts and the nature of the big-box store make them a necessity.Referencehttp//money.howstuffworks.com/how-inventory-management- systems-work.htm FOREIGNMed-Book POINT OF SALE SYSTEMMed-Book is a turn-key Inventory Management System specifically designed byMatthews to fully meet the many specialized needs of the health science bookstore environment. Matthews developed Med-Book after extensively searching the retail industry and failing to find a system that could adequately provide the inventory management and customer service functions required for a first-class health science bookstore. Med-Book was developed over many years, at a cost of several hundreds of thousands of dollars. The research and development that led to the creation of Med-Book continues today with the enhancement of features and functionality, which addresses the industrys ever-changing needs. Since its introduction to the marketplace, Med-Book has become the prime minister Inventory Management System among health science bookstores and the model for all other systems being developed in this industry.With 50 installations across the Unite d States, Med-Book resides in many health science bookstores. It is designed as more than just an automation tool it also leads the way in bookstore process redesign and customized business function management. In its fundamental design, Med-Book takes the cumbersome manual tasks of bookstore inventory management, streamlines the processes, incorporates flexibility to meet individual needs of individual stores, and automates inventory management for maximum return and benefit. Med-Book is the most sophisticated and specialized inventory management application for the health science bookstore in North America. Med-Book includes software, hardware, and point of sale.It provides for the management of reference, course, and multimedia items, as well as instruments streamlines and automates the order/receive/sell/return process optimizes the special order process tracks sales and purchase histories evermore monitors and analyzes inventory tracks customers includes the Matthews Book Com pany Title and Vendor Database and incorporates industry standard communications capabilities. The installation of the Med-Book Inventory Control System will benefit the tore by enabling* Quicker response, more information and overall better service to customers* Knowledgeable and informed store force-out* More informed buy decisions improving title selection * Tightly managed turnover with more titles in stock* Increased sales with higher product availability and broader selection for better customer fulfillment* Optimal management of quantities,inventory ceiling and inventory turns for greater profitability* Improved order management saving inventory capital expenditures* Elimination of steps in the order, receiving and returns processes for increased time savings* Error reductions improving pricing accuracy and marginsOverall time savings, improved customer service, better informed staff, better buying and management decisions, increased sales and improved profitability. In su mmary, in order to remain competitive in the rapidly changing health science bookstore industry, stores require more accurate and detailed information, better decision-making capabilities and a broader market opportunity without increasing expenses. Med-Book is the single most valuable tool to ensure that a bookstore can leverage service, operational efficiency, increased incremental sales, and improved profitability to its highest potential.MED-BOOK APPLICATION OVERVIEWThe Med-Book application consists of five main functions inventory control and Management, Purchasing, Special Orders, Course Order Entry and Communications. Inventory Control and ManagementInventory control and management records sales, receipts, transfers and adjustments. It produces stock status reviews on demand for all books and items. It identifies exceptional conditions such as items approaching the minimum stock level and suggests those books and items that may need ordering. A number of management reports ca n help identify the stores bestsellers based on their sales rankings.Effective inventory control requires that returns must be closely monitored. Med-Book allows store personnel to analyze the need to return products based on criteria the store has specified (such as last date of sale, date of last receipt, by vendor). The Suggested Returns options presents the books and their associated purchase order allowing store personnel to choose the appropriate product to take action on for return. Chargebacks are automatically generated (or may be entered manually). All chargebacks remain open until store personnel tell Med-Book (through Returns Reconciliation) that a credit was received.INVENTORY MANAGEMENT Features* Track Inventory based on UPC, ISBN, SKU* Track Inventory by multiple locations within a store* Sales departments designate multiple departments by item/ISBN user defined and maintained* On-hand and On-order quantities tracked by new, used, course, reference, special order* Min imum and Maximum Inventory Levels capabilities for course and reference* Physical Inventory processing* Inventory analysis* Bestseller identification* Item transaction history* Multiple units of measure for stocking, selling, and purchasing Returns Features* Returns via vendor or item* Suggested return report* Vendor return policy file* Automatic/ manual(a) creation of charge-backs* Return reconciliation processBookstore Management SystemTeam FAGE is proposing the implementation of a Book Store Management System (BSMS). The purpose of this system is to allow customers access to information at home, as well as providing an easy-to-use graphical interface to organize functions within the store. Using this system, customers of a book store would be able to log on to the system via the web and use it to search inventory, reserve books at the store, and place out of stock books on order. A store clerk would use the BSMS to input transactions (sales) with customers and also to search inve ntory to help customers locate specific books. A stock person would use the system to update the inventory database to reflect new purchases, new locations for books within the store, and damaged or missing books. Finally, a film director would be able to use the BSMS we are proposing to manage employee schedules and pay, manage stock (inventory), adjust inventory prices and plan store promotions.In Store SaleWhen a customer arrives at the front cash indicating that he would like to make a purchase, whomever is at the cash (be it an owner, manager or clerk) responds. For this scenario, lets say that its the manager Paul available. The first thing Paul must do is bring up a new order (called a Point of Sale) using the computer system. Paul then manually inputs the ISBN numbers of all of the books that are being purchased since there is currently no access to a bar code scanner. Once all of the books have been input, the system tells Paul what the total price will be, including all a pplicable taxes. Before receiving payment, Paul asks the customer for his cause so that he can bring up his profile on the computer.Paul checks if the customer is eligible for the $10 credit available after spending $250 (this is called the Frequent vendee Program). If required, the credit is applied to the price and if not, Paul simply puts the new purchase amount onto the customers account. If this is the customers first ever purchase, his name and phone number are recorded so that an account can be set up. In the final steps of the sale, Paul asks the customer how he would like to pay and then completes the transaction accordingly. Once the sale has been finalized, the system automatically updates the stores inventory levels so all Paul has to do is wish the customer a nice day as he leaves with his newly purchased books.UsersThe initial assumption about users was that we could define them as the customer, clerk, manager, and stock person. In reality, the employees at the store would be more appropriately categorized as owner, manager, and clerk, where each person would have some responsibility surrounding stock. Following are profiles of each of these representative users of our system. Most of the information presented here comes from the interviews conducted at the book store, although all names have been changed for privacy. Note that we were able to speak to the stores manager and owner, but not any clerks in particular. The clerks profile is therefore based on answers given by the other two employees, and on our own assumptions.